A DNA molecule consists of two long polynucleotide chains composed of four types of nucleotide subunits. Each of these chains is known as a DNA chain, or a DNA strand. Hydrogen bonds between the base portions of the nucleotides hold the two chains together.
The four nucleotide subunits are adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine
Carries biological information and information on how to make proteins.
Duplication of the genetic information occurs by the use of one DNA strand as a template for formation of a complementary strand.
It's contained in the nucleus.
Fredrick Griffith
He was a British bacteriologist, who lived from 1879 to 1941. Griffith figured out that bacteria causes diseases by using mouse. In his experiment he injects mice with streptococcus pneomonia. He had four types of the substances, and those where: the rough strain, smooth strain, heat killed smooth strain, and rough strain & heat killed smooth strain. What he condluded from this experiment is that bacteria is the "transforming factor".
It was until three scientist named Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCArthy, and Colin MacLeod found another answer to his experiment. What they did was break down RNA, DNA, and Protein. After they did this they discovered that the "transforming factor" was DNA.
RNA
RNA comes in a variety of shapes and types.
RNA molecules are involved in protein synthesis and sometimes in the transmission of genetic information.
RNA transfers the genetic code needed for the creation of proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome.
Formed by transcription
mRNA carries information from DNA to structures called ribosomes. These ribosomes are made from proteins and ribosomal RNAs. They all come together and form a complex that can read messenger RNAs and translate the information they carry into proteins. This requires the help of transfer RNA or tRNA.
RNAa are also known as enzymes.
Some RNA enzymes are known as ribozymes, and they exhibit many of the features of a classical enzyme, such as an active site, a binding site for a substrate and a binding site for a cofactor, such as a metal ion.