G1: the cell grows physically larger, copies organelles, and makes the molecular building blocks it will need in later steps.
S phase: the cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus.
G2: The cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents in preparation for mitosis.
During interphase, the cell grows and makes a copy of its DNA.
During the mitotic (M) phase, the cell separates its DNA into two sets and divides its cytoplasm, forming two new cells.
Mitosis
A type of cell division in which one cell divides to produce two new cells (daughter cells) that are genetically identical to itself.
Other components
Part of the division is when the DNA of the two cells is split into two equal equal sets of chromosomes
During early prophase, the cell starts to break down some structures and build others up, setting the stage for division of the chromosomes.
The mitotic spindle begins to form.
It' s a structure made of microtubules, strong fibers that are part of the cell’s “skeleton.” It organizes the chromosomes and move them around during mitosis, and it grows between the centrosomes as they move apart.
In late prophase, the mitotic spindle begins to capture and organize the chromosomes.
In metaphase, the spindle has captured all the chromosomes and lined them up at the middle of the cell, ready to divide.
In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell.
By telophase, the cell is nearly done dividing, and it starts to re-establish its normal structures as cytokinesis takes place.
Cytokinesis is, when the division of the cytoplasm forms two new cells, and overlaps with the final stages of mitosis.
Meiosis
It adds new cells during development and replaces old and worn-out cells throughout your life.
It separates sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes.
Meiosis 1
During prophase 1, the chromosomes begin to condense and pair up.
In metaphase 1, homologue pairs—not individual chromosomes—line up at the metaphase plate for separation.
In anaphase 1 , the homologues are pulled apart and move apart to opposite ends of the cell.
In telophase 1, chromosomes arrive at opposite poles of the cell.
Meiosis 2
Prophase 2: chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down, if needed
Metaphase 2: chromosomes line up individually along the metaphase plate.
Anaphase 2: sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase 2: nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes decondense.